Ronny Dorge: http://www.tiasfamilia.com/Genealogy-Toledo.htmlhttp://www.houseofnames.com/xq/asp.fc/qx/toledo-fa...http://books.google.it/books?id=LIUjakb6R-0C&pg=PA...http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598571/F...http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=v...Western scholars have long identified the existence of writing systems as a near-universal characteristic of high civilization, with Tawantinsuyu, the Inka empire, representing the only significant exception.1 Although writing was absent in the pre-Hispanic Andes, there existed the means of recording administrative information and preserving narratives of the past. Inka imperial overseers and specialized record-keepers produced tribute levies, population counts, and assessments of provincial development potential, using a system of knotted cords (a khipu) as their principal device.2 Such records fulfilled bureaucratic and administrative functions that were satisfied in other societies by writing; however! , the maintenance of narratives of the Inka past contrasts with these practices in its hybrid use of oral tradition in consultation with similar record keeping devices.By H...Show more
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